Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a frequência de papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco e citologia anal anormal em mulheres imunocompetentes com e sem lesões genitais induzidas por HPV. Métodos Este estudo transversal analítico e observacional foi realizado entre julho de 2017 e dezembro de 2018 em um ambulatório especializado de um hospital terciário em Fortaleza, CE. Cinquenta e sete mulheres imunocompetentes com e sem lesões intraepiteliais genitais foram avaliadas. Foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo 1, composto por mulheres com lesões genitais associadas ao HPV (n=26) e grupo 2, composto pormulheres sem lesões genitais associadas ao HPV (n=31). Amostras para citologia em meio líquido e testes de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real para DNA-HPV de alto risco foram coletadas do colo do útero e do ânus. Todos os casos foram avaliados por anuscopia de alta resolução; sendo realizada biópsia quando necessária. Os testes exatos de Fisher e qui-quadrado foram aplicados para dados consolidados na tabela de contingência; o teste t de Student e o teste U de Mann-Whitney foram aplicados para variáveis independentes. Resultados As infecções anais por HPV de alto risco forammais frequentes no grupo 1 (razão de chances [RC], 4,95; intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%, 1,34-18,3; p=0,012), assim como infecções concomitantes por HPV de alto risco em colo uterino e ânus (RC 18,8; IC de 95%, 2,20-160; p<0,001). A incidência de infecção de HPV cervical de alto risco foi associada à infecção de HPV anal de alto risco (RC, 4,95; IC de 95%, 1,34-18,3; p=0,012). Não houve diferença estatística em relação à citologia anal anormal ou anuscopia entre os grupos, e não houve caso de lesão intraepitelial anal em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão Mulheres imunocompetentes com lesões genitais associadas ao HPV e com HPV cervical de alto risco foram mais propensas a ter HPV anal de alto risco.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of the occurrence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and abnormal anal cytology in immunocompetent women with and without HPV-induced genital lesions. Methods This analytical cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between July 2017 and December 2018 in a specialized outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Fortaleza, CE. Fifty-seven immunocompetent women with and without genital intraepithelial lesions were assessed; they were divided into two groups: group 1 was comprised of women with HPV-associated genital lesions (n=26), and group 2 was comprised of those without HPV-associated genital lesions (n=31). Samples for liquidbased cytology and high-risk DNA-HPV polymerase chain reaction real-time tests were collected from the cervix and anus. All cases were evaluated using high-resolution anoscopy; biopsies were performed when required. The Fisher exact and chi-squared tests were applied for consolidated data in the contingency table, and the Student ttest and Mann-Whitney U-test for independent variables. Results Anal high-risk HPV infections were more frequent in group 1 (odds ratio [OR], 4.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-18.3; p=0.012), along with concomitant highrisk HPV infections in the uterine cervix and the anus (OR 18.8; 95% CI, 2.20-160; p<0.001). The incidence of high-risk cervical HPV infection was associated with highrisk anal HPV infection (OR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.34-18.3; p=0.012). There was no statistical difference concerning abnormal anal cytology or anoscopy between the groups, and no anal intraepithelial lesion was found in either group. Conclusion Immunocompetent women with HPV-associated genital lesions and high-risk cervical HPV were more likely to have high-risk anal HPV.

Abstract The topic of vaginal discharge is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Health Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The chapter has been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects associated with vaginal discharge conditions, as well as guidance to health service managers and health professionals. Screening, diagnosing, and treating these conditions, the main complaints among women seeking health services, caused by infectious or non-infectious factors, also are presented. Besides, information is presented on surveillance, prevention, and control actions to promote knowledge of the problem and provide quality care and effective treatment.

Objetivo Correlacionar a expressão mRNAE6/E7 do HPV de alto risco com os exames de Papanicolau, colposcopia e biópsia em mulheres com lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL). Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres encaminhadas aos serviços de atenção primária com diagnóstico citológico de HSIL. Foi avaliada a expressão do mRNAE6/E7 dos tipos de HPV 16,18,31,33 e 45, correlacionando-se a expressão com os exames de Papanicolau, colposcopia e biópsia. Para a amplificação/detecção demRNA de E6/E7 foi usado o kit NucliSENS EasyQ(r) HPV que detecta mRNA do HPV por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase com primers/probes HPV dos tipos 16, 18, 31, 33 e 45. Resultados Foram obtidos 128 testes válidos. Destes: 30 (23,4%) foram negativos e 98 (70%) dos testes foram positivos. Foi encontrado apenas um tipo de HPV em 87,7% dos positivos. O HPV16 foi omais encontrado em61,2%, seguido pelos HPV33 (26,5%); HPV31 (17,34%); HPV 18 (10,0%) e HPV (45 4,0%). Quanto ao exame de Papanicolau, o teste E6/E7 foi positivo em 107 (83,8%) das mulheres com ASC-H, HSIL ou superior, enquanto em citologia negativa foi encontrado um resultado positivo em 69 (57,5%) colposcopia. A frequência de teste E6/E7 positivo aumentou com a gravidade da lesão, detectada na colposcopia variando de 57,1% em mulheres sem lesão identificada em colposcopia até 86,5% naqueles com achado de colposcopia de grau maior. Das 111 mulheres que se submeteram a biópsia e o teste E6/E7, o teste foi positivo em 84,7% das que apresentaramlesão igual ou superior a NIC 2 (neoplasia intraepitelial cervical) e 41,2% daqueles com biópsia negativa. Conclusões A expressão de E6, E7 RNAm ocorreu commaior frequência emlesões de alto grau citológica e em casos com biópsias de NIC2 ou maior.

Purpose To correlate the expression of high-risk HPV E6 mRNA with pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy results in women with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on women referred for primary care services after cytological diagnosis of HSIL. We evaluated the expression of E6/E7 mRNA of HPV types 16,18,31,33, and 45 and correlated the results with those of Pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy. For amplification/detection of mRNA E6 / E7 we used NucliSENSEasyQ kit to detect HPV mRNA by polymerase chain reaction with primers/ probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45. Results Out of 128 valid tests, the results of 30 (23.4%) tests were negative and 98 (70%) tests were positive. Only one type of HPV was detected in 87.7% of the E6/E7 mRNA positive cases. HPV16 was detected in 61.2% of the cases, followed by HPV33 (26.5%), HPV31 (17.3%), HPV18 (10%), and HPV45 (4.08%). Pap smear tests revealed that the E6/E7 test was positive in 107 (83.8%) women with atypical squamous cells - high grade (ASC-H), HSIL, or higher. The E6/E7 test was positive in 69 (57.5%) specimens presenting negative cytology results. When analyzing the association with colposcopy results, the frequency of positive E6/E7 results increased with the severity of the injury, ranging from 57.1% in women without colposcopy-detected injury to 86.5% in those with higher levels of colposcopy findings. Of the 111 women who underwent biopsy and E6/E7 testing, the E6/E7 test was positive in 84.7% of the women who presented with lesions of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher. Finally, 41.2% of women with a negative biopsy presented a positive E6/E7 test. Conclusions E6/E7mRNA expression was higher in women with HSIL and CIN grade 2 or higher.

Due to the high prevalence and morbidity sexually transmitted diseases are highly relevant to public health, especially for women. OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the behavioral and biological risks associated with human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. METHODS: A group of 253 women who voluntarily sought anonymous testing were interviewed to find out their behavioral risk. Biological risk was identified by means of gynecological exam, colposcopy as well as blood and cervicovaginal sampling for serological and microbiological exams. Using known traditional risk factors, a table of scores classified the subjects into high, low and absent for behavioral and biological risks. Frequency and percentage of each risk was tabulated and the correlation between risks was obtained by calculating the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: 79.8% of subjects were found to have behavioral risks, and 79.1% biological risks. It was also found that 66.7% of the women (169) with high behavioral risk also had high biological vulnerability. However, 31 out of 51 women without any behavioral risk had biological vulnerability 12.2 %. The Kappa statistic demonstrated low agreement between the latter risks [K = 0.05 95% CI (-0.06 to 0.17)]. CONCLUSION: Women who seek care in centers for anonymous testing have high biological risk, which is neither proportional nor concurrent to behavioral risk. The low concordance found between these risks suggests the need for routine gynecological investigation (clinical and microbiological) for all women.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a prevalência do HTLV-II em doadores de sangue da Hemorrede do Ceará e aspectos epidemiológicos de casos positivos. MÉTODOS: Foram levantados em bancos de dados os casos considerados positivos, através de método Imunoenzimático (ELISA) e confirmados pelo Western Blot, no período de 2001 a 2008. Foram identificados que 679.610 amostras de sangue de doadores voluntários foram testadas neste período. RESULTADOS: Do total de doadores, 164 amostras foram efetivamente positivas em ambos os testes, destes 33 (20,1%) foram tipadas como HTLV II, mostrando uma prevalência do último de 0,006%. Nos casos positivos, observou-se idade média de 28,2 anos, o sexo predominantemente masculino (54,5%), a cor foi considerada mulato/parda em 78,8%, a maioria procedia de Fortaleza (72,7%), sendo 51,5% casados/união consensual e 33,3% referiam ter ensino médio completo. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a infecção por HTLV-II seja baixa, sua presença é universal, sendo semelhante entre homens e mulheres, em sua maioria de centro urbano. É enfatizada a necessidade de medidas de prevenção como forma de evitar a expansão da infecção.

OBJECTIVE: To identify HTLV-II revalence in blood donors at the Blood Center Net of Ceará (Hemorrede do Ceará - HEMOCE) and epidemiological aspects of positive cases. METHODS: Cases considered positive were surveyed from data bases through the immunoenzymatic method ELISA and confirmed by Western Blot from 2001 to 2008. In this period, 679,610 blood samples from voluntary donors were tested. RESULTS: From all donors, 164 samples were actually positive in both tests; of these, 33 (20.1%) were typed as HTLV-II, showing a prevalence of 0.006%. In positive cases, a mean age 28.2 years, and a predominantly male gender (54.5%) were observed, the race was mixed in 78.8%, most donors had Fortaleza as hometown (72.7%), with 51.5% being married/consensual union, and 33.3% reported to have completed high school education. CONCLUSION: Although HTLV-II infection is low, its presence is universal, being similar in males and females mostly in urban centers. The need of preventive measures as a way of avoiding infection spread is stressed.

The genital mechanisms of defense are not well understood and are therefore ignored during therapy. This fact results in a great number of cases of treatment failure. The mucosa is an important protective factor of the genital female system, through self-defense mechanisms, and secretor antibodies (immunoglobulin A). The lymphoid tissue exerts protective anti-inflammatory activity, besides inhibiting microorganism adherence, neutralizes viruses and toxins and stabilizes the mucosal flora. Although certain microorganisms, such as viruses and fungus, are controlled by cellular immunity, secretory IgA can also exert an important role in the control of these agents.

OBJETIVOS: pesquisar em casos de vaginose bacteriana a presença de bacilos curvos, sugerindo Mobiluncus, e de leucocitose em esfregaços vaginais corados por Gram e Papanicolaou. MÉTODOS: duzentos e cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de vaginose bacteriana pelos Critérios de Amsel foram incluídas e avaliadas clinicamente por um dos autores (JEJ). Os esfregaços vaginais foram corados pelo método de Papanicolaou e avaliados pela técnica de Gram. Nos esfregaços de Gram foram estudados o escore de Nugent e a presença de bacilos curvos. Nos esfregaços de Papanicolaou foi avaliada a presença de bacilos curvos e de leucócitos. Os dados foram analisados usando Prism 3.0® com intervalo de confiança de 95%, usando teste exato de Fisher pelo método modificado de Wald. RESULTADOS: nos esfregaços de Papanicolaou, bacilos curvos estiveram presentes em 51,7% das vezes. O número de leucócitos variou, embora a presença de poucos leucócitos tenha sido mais freqüente. Nos esfregaços de Gram, bacilos curvos foram observados em 46,8% e o escore de Nugent foi 8 em 48,3% dos casos. O achado de Mobiluncus sp pelos dois métodos ocorreu em 82%. Na presença de bacilos curvos, maior número de leucócitos foi observado em 57,5% dos casos (p <0,0001) e quando o escore de Nugent foi de 9 e 10, a leucocitose ocorreu em 25,6 e 37,2% das vezes, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: bacilos curvos são observados, morfologicamente, em cerca de 52% dos casos de vaginose bacteriana. Leucocitose é mais observada na presença de Mobiluncus sp e em casos com escores de Nugent mais altos.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the presence of curved rods, suggesting Mobiluncus sp, and leukocytosis on Gram and Papanicolaou-stained vaginal smears in cases of bacterial vaginosis. METHODS: two hundred and five vaginal smears were studied by the Papanicolaou's method and other 205 vaginal smears, in the same patients, were evaluated by Gram staining. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was made clinically by one of the authors (J.E.J.) using Amsel's criteria. In the Gram method stained smears the Nugent's score was calculated and the presence of curved rods was evaluated. In Papanicolaou's smears curved rods were searched as well the presence of leukocytes. The data were analyzed by Prism 3.0® with confidence interval of 95% using the Fisher exact test with modified Wald's method. RESULTS: on Pap smears the curved rods were present in 51.7% of the cases. The number of leukocytes varied, although the leukopenia was more frequent. In Gram-stained smears the curved rods were present in 46.8% of the cases and the Nugent's score was 8 in 48.3% of the cases. The finding of Mobiluncus sp in both methods occurred in 82%. When curved rods were observed leukocytosis occurred in 57.5% (p < 0.0001). In the same way, leukocytosis was more frequent in Nugent's scores 9 and 10. CONCLUSION: curved rods were observed in about 52% of bacterial vaginosis. Leukocytosis in Pap smears was more frequent when Mobiluncus sp were found with higher Nugent's scores.

Objetivo: avaliar a expressão de receptores de estrógeno (RE) e progesterona (RP) em esfregaços de sedimento de fluido peritoneal em pacientes com endometriose, comparando-a com a de mulheres sem endometriose. Métodos: foi realizado imunocitoquímica para RE e RP em esfregaços de sedimento de fluido peritoneal em 19 casos de endometriose e 7 sem endometriose (controle). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student para análise estatística. Resultados: em 84,6% dos casos de pacientes com endometriose, células tipo endometrial expressaram RE, numa média de 4,1%, ao passo que nos casos sem endometriose foi positivo em 42,9%, com uma expressão média de 4,5% (p = 0,1706). RP foi expresso apenas em um caso, com endometriose, com história de rotura de endometrioma. Conclusões: não houve diferença da expressão de RE entre os casos de endometriose e os casos-controle, observando-se um comportamento distinto em tecidos. Um mais aprofundado estudo deve ser feito para melhor avaliar o enigmático mecanismo envolvido na manifestação de receptores hormonais em células esfoliadas.

Purpose: to evaluate the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in smears of peritoneal fluid sediment from patients with and without endometriosis. Methods: immunocytochemical study of ER and PR in smears of peritoneal fluid sediment in 19 cases with endometriosis and 7 without (control group), observing their expression. The data were submitted to Student's t-test to evaluate statistical significance. Results: in 84.6% of the cases with endometriosis, endometrial-like cells expressed ER (mean = 4.1%). In cases without endometriosis there was ER expression in 42.9%, with a mean of 4.5% (p = 0.1706). PR was expressed in only one case of endometriosis, with an endometrioma rupture history. Conclusions: there was no difference of ER expression between cases with endometriosis and the control group, in contrast to tissue behavior. Further cases must be studied for a better evaluation of this enigmatic mechanism of hormonal receptors in exfoliated cells.

Objetivos: avaliar aspectos clínicos, colposcópicos e acompanhamento citológico de quadros classificados como atipias de células escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS). Métodos: foram analisados retrospectivamente 208 casos de ASCUS diagnosticados entre 1996 e 1998 e tabulados quanto a idade, queixas clínicas, colposcopia e seguimento. Resultados: a relação ASCUS:lesão intra-epitelial escamosa foi de 1:1,2, confirmando adequado controle de qualidade. Pacientes com menos de 35 anos corresponderam a 72,6% dos casos. Um grande número não tinha queixas clínicas (36,5%). Nos casos em que foi realizada colposcopia (n = 58), a zona de transformação atípica foi observada em 60%. A subclassificação das ASCUS em provavelmente displásico (D), provavelmente reativo (R) e não-determinado (U) indicou predominância do primeiro (65%). O acompanhamento de 86 pacientes mostrou que, após 3 a 6 meses (média de 4,5 meses), em 12,5% foi possível detectar citologicamente uma lesão intra-epitelial escamosa. Conclusão: com base nos resultados deste trabalho foi possível concluir que as ASCUS incidem em mulheres jovens, com queixas clínicas corriqueiras e apresentam correlação colposcópica positiva. Nestes casos o acompanhamento citológico se faz imprescindível para esclarecimento de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa subjacente ou subseqüente.

Purpose: to assess clinical, colposcopic profile and follow-up of patients with a cytological report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). Methods: a total of 208 cases of ASCUS diagnosed between 1996 e 1998 were analyzed retrospectively regarding age, symptoms, colposcopy and follow-up. Results: the ASCUS:SIL (squamous intraepithelial lesion) ratio reported was 1:1.2, showing an adequate quality control. Most of the patients were between 15 and 35 years old (72.6 %). The majority referred no symptoms (36.5 %). The colposcopy showed (n = 58) the atypical zone of transformation in 60% of the cases. The subclassification into ASCUS favoring a dysplasia (ASCUS--D), reactive process (ASCUS-R) and unqualified (ASCUS-U) showed that 65% of cases belonged to the first category (ASCUS-D). In the follow-up of 86 patients for 3 to 6 months (average of 4.5 months), 12.5% had a subsequent SIL. Conclusion: the findings of this study indicate that ASCUS occurrence in young women with common symptoms, is frequent and there is the possibility of diagnosing by colposcopy. The follow-up is very important to define the concurrent or subsequent development of a squamous intraepithelial lesion.